I. Key Findings
1. Significantly higher overall power generation in extreme cold conditions: The distributed power station field test project in Jixi, Heilongjiang, conducted power generation comparison tests from February 2, 2026, to March 31, 2026. Field data shows that during this high-latitude cold season, TOPCon modules achieved a cumulative power generation of 137.42 Wh/W, while N-type BC modules of the same power rating reached only 133.87 Wh/W. TOPCon achieved a stable power generation gain of 2.65% per watt, fully demonstrating its absolute advantage in overall power generation capacity.
2. Robust all-weather output: All-weather performance analysis shows that TOPCon modules demonstrate superior overall power generation performance compared to N-type BC modules throughout the day, even in cold weather.
* Faster response to light in the early morning: During the cold, low-irradiance periods of dawn and early morning, TOPCon modules respond more quickly than N-type BC modules, entering effective power generation mode earlier and gaining an early lead in daily power output;
* Sustained performance in the evening: During the transitional periods around sunset when temperatures drop sharply, TOPCon modules maintain excellent energy collection capabilities, effectively extending the duration of evening power generation under cold weather conditions;
* Consistent Leadership During Peak Hours: During the day’s primary high-irradiance power generation periods, TOPCon maintains a stable lead in overall power generation performance despite temperature fluctuations or shifts in the sun’s angle. This fully demonstrates that even in complex scenarios characterized by extreme cold and variable weather, TOPCon continues to deliver efficient power generation benefits to users around the clock, with no dead zones.
3. A technological foundation for cold resistance and high reliability: From a technical perspective, compared to the complex finger-like interconnections on the back side and dense leakage pathways of N-type BC modules, the TOPCon cell structure used in TOPCon modules is more robust, making overall leakage current easier to control. The reliability of this underlying technology enables TOPCon modules to not only maintain exceptional operational stability in the harsh, frigid, and low-temperature environments of Northeast China but also minimize energy loss, thereby securing higher overall power generation throughout the entire testing cycle.
II. Project Background (Focus on Extreme Cold and Complex Climates)
The Northeast Field Test Site is located in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province, within a typical high-latitude, cold-temperate, continental monsoon climate zone characterized by long, harsh winters. According to meteorological observation data from February 2 to March 31, 2026, during the 58-day testing period, there were only 10 sunny days (accounting for approximately 17.2%), while overcast days and frequent rain and snow accounted for as many as 48 days (as high as 82.8%). Overall, this period was characterized by extremely low temperatures, frequent cloud cover, and snow and ice accumulation. This extreme and complex environment poses significant challenges to the comprehensive power generation capacity and cold-weather resistance of photovoltaic modules, while also providing an excellent real-world "litmus test" for evaluating the reliable operational performance of modules under actual frigid conditions. By strictly controlling variables such as module orientation and mounting structures, this project authentically replicates the harsh conditions faced by ground-mounted power plants in high-latitude cold regions, enabling precise monitoring of the power generation performance of different module technologies.
III. Project Design
This project employs a string-level parallel comparison approach, with variables strictly controlled to ensure the absolute objectivity and validity of the comprehensive power generation data.
* Test Samples: Sixteen TOPCon modules (rated power 650 W, dimensions 2382 × 1134 mm) and sixteen N-type BC modules of the same power rating (rated power 650 W, dimensions 2382 × 1134 mm) were selected. Each test group has a capacity of 10.4 kW, for a total of 20.8 kW.
* Installation Conditions: Both sets of modules were installed at a 15° tilt angle, with no shading and consistent orientation, ensuring completely equivalent irradiation and snow/wind exposure conditions.
* Electrical Configuration: Two string arrays were connected to the same model of string inverter, utilizing independent MPPT channels to synchronously and accurately collect power generation data.
* Monitoring Period: February 2, 2026, to March 31, 2026, covering the entire 58-day extreme cold-weather operation cycle.
* Key Monitoring Metrics: Cumulative power generation per watt (Wh/W), time-of-day power generation per watt (Wh/W), and relative power generation gain (%).
IV. Conclusion
The extreme cold field test project in Jixi, Heilongjiang, has irrefutably demonstrated, through detailed data, the unrivaled status of TOPCon modules in terms of overall power generation performance under cold climates and complex environmental conditions. During the 58-day transition period between late winter and early spring, despite facing over 80% of the time with rain, snow, and low sunlight, TOPCon modules still achieved a power gain of 2.65% per watt, with their overall power generation comprehensively surpassing that of N-type BC modules.
The field test demonstrates that choosing TOPCon means selecting the optimal solution for power generation reliability and overall returns in extreme climates. Thanks to its robust TOPCon cell structure and exceptional adaptability to frigid environments, TOPCon has truly achieved “unfazed by wind, snow, and bitter cold, maintaining a lead around the clock” in the harsh ground-mounted power plant conditions of Northeast China, safeguarding customers’ full-lifecycle investment returns under adverse weather conditions.
